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As it is known, the progress in material goods production is uniquely linked to the success of the energy base. By the middle of the 21st century, when the population of the globe apparently stabilize on a point of approximately 10 billion people, energy demand per capita will reach about 105 kW • h per year, and the power of the world’s energy supply – 1010 kW. Today, world energy system is mainly based on non-renewable energy resources such as coal, oil, gas, peat or uranium. However, it is clear that we will not be able to achieve a substantial increase in energy consumption based on these resources as their stocks are limited, and because of the adverse effects of these fuels on the environment. So scientists have turned their gazes to solar energy long time ago. Some projects involve different methods of solar energy transformation into
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I remember the controllers in gas masks working at the crossroads of Tokyo in the mid 60’s. Yes, negative effects of industrialization and urbanization have reached Japan earlier and more painful than other developed countries. However, a country of volcanoes and earthquakes coped with the new of her disasters called “Kogan” (that is to say, industrial pollution of nature) more efficiently than others.
The candidate from the progressive forces Professor Minobe won the elections of the capital governor under the slogan “For the clear sky over Tokyo!”. And he really kept his promise: he made sure that Tokians caould admire the sacred peak of Mount Fuji not less than once a week. And fish reappeared in the Sumida River that flow through the town.
With the steady growth of its productive capacity, Japan is making every effort to comply with its obligations under the Kyoto Protocol: to
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The number of conflicts in the world that are caused by the energy needs increases today. Gradually, the amount of oil, gas and coal in the world decreases, and their consumption is increasing, particularly in developed countries. Most of them have spent their own stocks. And now, they are dependent on third countries that play on this and continuously raise the cost of raw materials that leads to higher prices, both on domestic and international markets. Accordingly, the problem begins with the socio-political situation. Governments of the largest energy consumers try to seize the places of raw materials extraction in order to avoid the crisis. It is not seldom leads to military conflicts.
Scientists estimate that hydrocarbon fuel will remain on the Earth during next 60 – 100 years, but it is a promising issue. At the moment the relevance lies in the fact that modern forms of energy change
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Vacuum tubes of ultrahigh thermal conductivity (SV-pipes) are work with the same principle as the ordinary vacuum tubes, and have all the above advantages. But they have some fundamental differences, which significantly increase their effectiveness. Not thermos flask is vacuumed in SV-evacuated tubes, but the entire space of the pipe that reduces heat losses to a minimum. As a result, they continue to operate efficiently down to -50 ° C
Because they use no double but single-glass, pipe wall thickness is increased on 0.5 mm, and it may withstand falling hail of 35 mm without prejudice.
With highly selective absorbent layer such pipes perceive diffusion light, and this means that they will work, even if the sky is overcast, they just loose productivity a little. They are ready to work immediately, as soon as the surface will be fallen with sunlight, and just 3-5 minutes later the temperature at the
Continue reading Solar Systems: Key Issues
U.S. Internet giant Google is concerned about the lack of facilities for investment in environmental technology. It is also announced that the company is already developing a system that will allow reducing of costs for the construction of solar plants up to one-quarter. In 2007, the Google management board announced its plans to invest in the company and to conduct their own research in the field of alternative energy during further next few years. The relevant unit within the company focused on developing technologies for heliostats – solar stations, which use a system of mirrors for the storage of solar energy and evaporation of the liquid to produce steam, which then turns a turbine generator to provide energy.
According to current head of the company’s Ecoenergetics department Bill Vail, just now Google searches new materials for the heliostats to increase the efficiency of their performance and durability.
According to him,
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We continue speaking about the tube solar power collectors.
Due to the fact that the coolant flows directly through the pipe in the reservoirs they have, there are difficulties in the installation. Each tube should be connected to the system separately in order to avoid leakage of coolant. We need also serious maintenance, because leakage or mechanical damage even of one tube stops the work of collector. The vacuum tube consists of two glass tubes: outer is made from ultra strong transparent borosilicate glass that can withstand the impact of hailstones with a diameter of 25 mm, internal one is the same but with a special selective coating (A1-M/A1) that ensures excellent heat absorption with minimal reflection. In order to avoid conductive and convective heat loss from the space the air is exhausted between the two tubes.
To maintain the vacuum barium gas absorber is used, which is exposed to high
Continue reading Basic Aspects About The Tube Solar Power Collectors
The main component of the flat collector is a copper absorber with selective coating, which provides a high level of absorption of solar energy and low emission of thermal energy. Copper tube is installed at absorber and coolant flows through the former. It may be water or some non-freezing liquid, which takes heat from the absorber and simultaneously with circulating through the coil, it accumulates in the accumulation tank (the tank with water).
The absorber body is protected by a collector with a reinforced insulation that also minimizes heat loss. The amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface of the solar collector reaches its maximum only at noon when the sun is at its zenith. Speaking about morning and evening, sunlight falls on it at an angle, and the amount of absorbed solar radiation decreases.
Flat collectors do not work in winter, because even with a two-system` antifreeze, the
Continue reading Flat Solar Collector: Characteristics And Components
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